The enzymatic methods behind our products are grounded in decades of peer-reviewed research. The publications below, spanning from the late 1980s to present, represent work from our research team and collaborators on recombinant protein expression and analytical applications.

Air and Waste Management Association

Field Determination of Nitrate Using Nitrate Reductase (1997)

Analytical Chemistry

Enzyme-catalyzed O2 Removal System for Electrochemical Analysis under Ambient Air (2012)

Construction and Characterization of Nitrate Reductase-Based Amperometric Electrode and Nitrate Assay of Fertilizers and Drinking Water (1998)

Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology

Nitrate Reductase Structure, Function and Regulation: Bridging the Gap between Biochemistry and Physiology (1999)

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

Reversible light/dark modulation of spinach leaf nitrate reductase activity involves protein phosphorylation (1992)

Bioelectrochemistry

Affinity binding via Zinc (II) for controlled orientation and electrochemistry of Histidine-tagged nitrate reductase in self-assembled monolayers (2013)

Environmental Chemistry Letters

Nitrate Reductase for Nitrate Analysis in Water (2006)

Environmental Science and Technology

Corn Leaf Nitrate Reductase - A Nontoxic Alternative to Cadmium for Photometric Nitrate Determinations in Water Samples by Air-Segmented Continuous-Flow Analysis (2002)

International Journal of Genetic Engineering

Genetic Modification of Pichia pastoris for production of Propylene Glycol from Glycerol (2012)

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Viscosity Effects on Eukaryotic Nitrate Reductase Activity (2005)

Methods X

Determination of phosphate in soil extracts in the field: A green chemistry enzymatic method (2015)

Non-toxic total nitrogen determination using a low alkaline persulfate digestion (2020)

Nature Publishing Group

Reduction of nitrate and nitrite in water by immobilized enzymes (1992)

Physiologia Plantarum

Higher plant responses to environmental nitrate (1991)

Nitrate reductase and its role in nitrate assimilation in plants (1998)

The Plant Cell

Structural Basis of Eukaryotic Nitrate Reduction: Crystal Structures of the Nitrate Reductase Active Site (2005)

Plant Physiology

Recombinant expression of molybdenum reductase fragments of plant nitrate reductase at high levels in Pichia pastoris (2000)

Analysis of wild-type and mutant plant nitrate reductase expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (1997)

Nitrate reductase Biochemistry Comes of Age (1996)

Codon usage in higher plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria (1990)

Regulation of Corn Leaf Nitrate Reductase (1986)

PLOS ONE

Open-Source Photometric System for Enzymatic Nitrate Quantification (2015)

Protein Expression and Purification

Purification and biochemical characterization of simplified eukaryotic nitrate reductase expressed in Pichia pastoris (2004)

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

Functional domains of assimilatory nitrate reductases and nitrite reductases (1990)

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

TNT and RDX Degradation by Cell-Free Extracts of Costridium acetobutylicum (1999)

United States Geological Survey

Analytical properties of some commercially available nitrate reductase enzymes evaluated as replacements for cadmium in automated, semiautomated, and manual colorimetric methods for determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water (2013)